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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： p% A0 s5 ^5 ]# w! Qmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第' @5 c9 `$ J c! K# ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">1- o4 D% R- W, {; j J& x! u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( S [/ Z3 K. R$ x
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- [: A+ s0 J$ z3 I- @5 D7 ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。, n. `) _2 _4 a7 Y/ e5 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。6 ?8 Z; ?& X0 |# P& P; u) f
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？! r* _5 {# |; l' E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。" ?$ V" `$ O8 K" o# o( }7 B- f
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# y u" c1 x/ k) @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服) ~8 ]' P; q7 n1 u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢& h0 B. A$ ]1 H# x
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3 X8 K) ]- A/ |" T/ m) emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服3 d' G& D( H0 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 h8 ]0 w. b; @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 z8 l* p4 K8 T. F/ Y2 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的6 F) A( [) n: Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">", A6 s' C% D; [+ Q9 n1 \( V
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* X) v5 d- S% I: J8 ~9 w f7 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新6 S( I7 S- u7 ^6 n7 w8 t$ f n0 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> . ~ o3 b6 ]: V( P6 X% `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白' n" t" f- R' x- B1 N" rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学- P; ?; l0 S5 X* `7 r- zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？, g0 F( g3 V; B8 v0 l% Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">——% B* T% z4 l& w9 G# `# A9 w
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3 B$ N' I5 Y" W# A- I7 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。2 K* m- T% L# |) z" d/ L
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. w6 m0 X* E4 n1 z1 `8 _1 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想” w$ Y* |- M; r. V' G+ |
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% _! U* U* ?9 |! A, Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说9 J( B8 c1 w! V$ M
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6 C. g6 u& `+ l( Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。8 p i0 {9 V! f/ b/ S1 r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊. A, a ]; F' t- [& Z o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚) I' `! `6 q. ~; i9 H
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：5 @" [% L! S/ h7 U' P6 o& V, [
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3 a! g/ x" E3 j2 aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！; ^& p6 |( ?1 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# i) m: ?- Q8 h( P; VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假. n% Q9 s7 z# J$ _9 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; O9 S& M, g0 |7 W$ G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是$ ~' V/ G y3 T4 `( Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 G( h1 F' N3 U( z7 `7 B$ ]1 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题+ \ O) O2 U) |6 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' \! q# X* {* s! m) R. v5 s/ dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; j) M F2 |. x4 N4 ]; g
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。/ D9 M0 r `& C4 ]% h, L9 E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴0 d) g, P+ B, Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 G0 Z' m& d7 p6 S1 c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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