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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： + n. d5 O2 J, G9 m
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$ ?! C/ v7 D& v0 @# Y# _5 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* d( ]- R3 F& ^: a! q) Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">12 W& q" ]# [) h
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4 P- v. L+ n0 T1 g: [* T- Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. r* B+ e0 v! X' J! F F5 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。% N3 x% U5 ~7 b4 \& k
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。8 g( s& \* a3 c. Z' ~- Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：3 V' f, A- X | \' R- d" q: L
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3 H. Z. Z O4 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。+ B. G' K3 `7 A0 q( ^2 E) u! N) v& \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？# a. A% r1 _8 Lcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ D# D b7 F% @9 d) KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。9 h- o8 Q* x, Qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 w/ O" j. ^' z5 x3 w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服- ?3 Z' i& p6 H. o9 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' U0 @. W' H! T( L$ R- D A; JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢$ s! t4 k2 i8 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白8 Q+ z$ S: g4 G& K1 |mso-font-kerning:0pt"> * l1 r- e$ V" P4 K
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; F$ {/ d3 |8 k5 HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学3 ]) J% V2 [4 L8 {& @, Jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * w5 l1 T4 w! b9 y* P: O( z" Q8 S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么9 Z: y# n$ T4 b+ U5 g7 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ F; d1 _: `; g: ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 F) d+ z8 P6 v/ X- \9 m8 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？- k9 L& u) N; O4 X. S7 @3 Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”+ ^' x i4 [# R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说2 s4 R2 h0 g8 ~7 h- f* U0 O4 O/ K
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( J, N9 E9 B3 A1 K3 D ^ Z5 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚. G: ~ { y3 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！: [1 Q8 k/ N# F" `! M- V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假6 `6 U& e1 u% p2 F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是+ e3 Z% J2 x) bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 g1 X4 t5 G7 p; b! q* G' [; e! mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。0 d! [: _0 c- ^7 T" @6 H8 B
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% L% Q$ e1 E1 N) I7 v9 }+ c7 Y2 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴' S/ y. m% ^2 K, B
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4 g+ ~" T& r" f `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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